(the magnetic field shell parameter) and magnetic local time (MLT) and by magnetic field perturbations in the azimuthal direction. Toroidal mode standing Alfvén waves, hereinafter referred to as toroidal waves, are characterized by discrete frequencies that change with Ground magnetometers located near the footprint of the spacecraft did not detect toroidal waves. The nightside toroidal waves were likely driven by fast mode waves that resulted from transmission of upstream ultralow frequency waves into the magnetosphere. At the time of the nightside toroidal waves, compressional waves were observed by geostationary satellites located on the dayside, and the amplitudes of both types of waves varied with the cone angle of the interplanetary magnetic field. The frequencies and the relationship between the electric and magnetic field components of the waves are consistent with theoretical toroidal waves for a reflecting ionosphere. The spacecraft detected toroidal waves excited at odd harmonics below 30 mHz as it moved within the plasmasphere fromĠ030 magnetic local time through midnight in the dipole This paper reports observation of midnight toroidal waves by the Van Allen Probe B spacecraft during a geomagnetically quiet period on 12–. Polar bear is the King of the Arctic, but can’t survive without sea ice when hunting for seals.Excitation of toroidal mode standing Alfvén waves in the midnight sector of the inner magnetosphere in association with substorms is well documented, but studies are sparse on dayside sources for the waves. Nowhere else on the globe seem to have greater warming than the northern Barents Sea. However, a recent publication in Scientific Reports points out that the northern Barents Sea, including Svalbard, now sees a rise in temperatures even 2 to 2,5 times higher than the average rise in the Arctic.Ĭlimate scientist Ketil Isaksen with the Norwegian Meteorological Institute took part in the research and says the new results surpass everything ever seen before in regards to changing temperatures. Climate scientists have for long documented that the temperatures in the Arctic are rising much higher than in the rest of the world. While children are happily enjoying the first week of vacation by swimming in lakes and rivers, the record temperatures in the Arctic are signs of worrying heat events in patterns of human-caused climate change.Īt Svalbard, the archipelago halfway between the Norwegian mainland and the North Pole, sees general temperatures increase now 5 to 7 times higher than average rise globally. Russia’s Arctic capital Murmansk also set a new record for June with 30,2☌.īlooming wild rosemary, the northernmost of the large genus Rhododendron, shines in competition with the Midnight Sun as temperatures in Finnmark on the coast to the Barents Sea surpassed 30 degrees Celcius on June 29. Temperatures over 30☌ are also predicted for the coming weekend in the city that has the Arctic Circle and Santa Claus’ tourist trap a short 5 minutes drive to the north. Finland’s northernmost weather station, at Nuorgam in the municipality of Utsjoki, saw the air temperature reaching 31,7☌. Rovaniemi had 30,1☌ and is by Finnish Meteorological Institute expected to be over 31☌ on Thursday. Last record was in June 1974, when the temperature in Norway’s largest city above the Arctic Circle reached 29,5☌. Tromsø, on the coast of the relatively cool Norwegian Sea, saw a temperature of 29,9☌ on Tuesday. The Norwegian Meteorological Institute said the highest temperatures were seen in Tana and at Banak airport in Porsanger, both with 32,5☌. Further inside the Arctic Circle, at 69 degrees north in Skibotn east of Tromsø, the temperature was 31,7°. The thermometer in Saltdal, northern Norway, reached 31,6☌.
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